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Dumping
A specific example of price discrimination is dumping under which there are two markets available to the monopolist. In one market the monopolist has no competitor while in the second he will have to face competitions. For instance the monopolist may be the sole seller in the whole market while in the foreign market he will be faced with a situation of stiff competition. In a situation like this the monopolist will normally fix a lower price of his goods in the foreign market to earn maximum net monopoly revenue.

It should be remembered here that dumping is not essentially confirmed to foreign and home markets alone. It is possible that the monopolist may get some market where he would be in a position to charge a higher price for his product. On the other hand in world markets he will have to sell his goods at a lower price. This situation, too, is a case of dumping. In fact, dumping means selling out any good at lower price in the market.

Conditions Favorable to dumping

There are two favorable conditions for the success of dumping: (1) the monopolist should have access to protect markets and (2) elasticity of demand for the product in the protected market should be less to enable him to realize higher price in it.

Purpose of dumping

(1) Larger production: Dumping is resorted to dispose of the surplus product. At times the calculations of the monopolist do not turn out to be true resulting in over-production forcing the seller to sell the excess product in foreign market at reduced prices.

(2) To overcome competition: yet another purpose of dumping is to drive away likely competitors from the unprotected market. This could be achieved by selling at a lower price in unprotected market.

(3) Expansion of product: dumping is also adopted to take advantage of increasing returns. Monopolist may expand production and enjoy the benefit of decreasing cost and the surplus production will be sold in foreign market at reduced price.

(4) Availability of favorable conditions:
dumping is also resorted when there are appropriate conditions for price discrimination. For example, when the elasticity of demand for the commodity is more in foreign market as compared to home market, dumping is practiced.

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