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Disaccharides
These are the carbohydrates which give two units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzymes. Some examples are:

This implies that a disaccharide is formed by condensation of two monosaccharides units. The two monosaccharide units in a disaccharide are joined together by an oxide (or ether) linkage formed by loss of a water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.
Sucrose (cane-sugar), C12H22O11
Sucrose is the most widely occurring disaccharide. It is found in all photosyntheric plants. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugarbeets. Its aqueous solution is dextrotatory with specific rotation + 66.5˚. On hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzyme invertase, 1 mole of sucrose gives 1 mole of D-(+)-glucose and 1 mole of (D)-(-)-fructose.

Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. It indicates that the two hexones must have joined through a glycosidic linkage involving C- of
-glucose and C-2 of
-fructose. As a result, the reducing groups of glucose and fructose are involved in the formation of glycosidic linkage and hence sucrose behaves as a non-reducing sugar.
Haworth (1927) suggested the following structure of sucrose.
Maltose, C12H22O11
When starch is hydrolysed by the enzyme diastase, maltose is formed as one of the products.

On hydrolysis with dilute acids, one mole of maltose yields 2 moles of D-(+)-glucose.

Maltose is a reducing sugar. In maltose the two D-glucose units are linked through
-glycosidic linkage between C-1 of one glucose unit and C-4 of the other. The free aldehyde group can be produced at C-1 of the second glucose in solution. Hence, maltose shows reducing properties.
Both the glucose units are in pyranose form. The structure of maltose is given below:
Lactose, (milk sugar), C12H22O11
Lactose is present in the milk and is also known as milk sugar. One hydrolysis with dilute acids one mole of lactose yields 1 mole of D-glucose and one mole of D-galactose

Lactose is a reducing sugar. In lactose, D-glucose and D-galactose units are linked through
–glycosidic linkage between C-1 of galactose and C-4 of glucose unit.
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This implies that a disaccharide is formed by condensation of two monosaccharides units. The two monosaccharide units in a disaccharide are joined together by an oxide (or ether) linkage formed by loss of a water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.
Sucrose (cane-sugar), C12H22O11
Sucrose is the most widely occurring disaccharide. It is found in all photosyntheric plants. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane or sugarbeets. Its aqueous solution is dextrotatory with specific rotation + 66.5˚. On hydrolysis with dilute acids or enzyme invertase, 1 mole of sucrose gives 1 mole of D-(+)-glucose and 1 mole of (D)-(-)-fructose.
Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. It indicates that the two hexones must have joined through a glycosidic linkage involving C- of
Haworth (1927) suggested the following structure of sucrose.
Maltose, C12H22O11
When starch is hydrolysed by the enzyme diastase, maltose is formed as one of the products.
On hydrolysis with dilute acids, one mole of maltose yields 2 moles of D-(+)-glucose.
Maltose is a reducing sugar. In maltose the two D-glucose units are linked through
Both the glucose units are in pyranose form. The structure of maltose is given below:
Lactose, (milk sugar), C12H22O11
Lactose is present in the milk and is also known as milk sugar. One hydrolysis with dilute acids one mole of lactose yields 1 mole of D-glucose and one mole of D-galactose
Lactose is a reducing sugar. In lactose, D-glucose and D-galactose units are linked through
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Inorganic Chemistry
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Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Topics
Nucleic Acid Functions
Carbohydrates
Glucose-Cyclic Structure
Disaccharides
Enzymes
Fructose
Functions Of Carbohydrates
Glucose
Hormones
Enzyme Activity Mechanism
Monosaccharides
Nucleic Acids
Polysaccharides
Proteins, Amino Acids
Proteins Structure
The Cell
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Biostatistics
Mutarotation
Monosaccharides Properties
Compound Lipids
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Radiation-Detection Measurement
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